Global climate change is a major change that occurs in climate patterns throughout the world, caused by human and natural factors. One of the main causes of climate change is greenhouse gas emissions, which result from burning fossil fuels, deforestation and industrial activities. The consequences of climate change are very significant and cover various aspects of life, which have the potential to threaten the survival of life on Earth. One of the most important impacts of climate change is an increase in global temperatures. With increasingly higher temperatures, extreme weather phenomena such as storms, floods and droughts occur more frequently. The results show that countries with vulnerable economies, especially those dependent on agriculture, are particularly affected by these changes. Food crops experience stress and yields decrease, which leads to food instability. Ocean acidification is also a detrimental consequence of climate change. When carbon dioxide (CO2) is absorbed by the ocean, it causes a decrease in seawater pH, which is dangerous for marine ecosystems. Coral reefs, which provide habitat for many species, are experiencing mass bleaching and death, affecting the entire marine food chain. This threatens the livelihoods of fishermen around the world. Climate change also contributes to rising sea levels. Glaciers and polar ice are starting to melt, causing sea levels to rise and threatening coastal areas. Major cities such as Jakarta, Bangkok and Miami are under threat of sinking, which would force millions of people to become climate refugees. The health impacts cannot be ignored. Rising temperatures and extreme weather can increase the risk of infectious diseases. For example, the spread of diseases such as malaria and dengue can expand along with changes in the habitat of disease vectors. In addition, air pollution due to increasing temperatures has a negative impact on respiratory health. The energy sector is also feeling the impact of climate change. Dependence on fossil fuels is increasingly being questioned, given the potential of renewable energy sources. Policies to switch to renewable energy continue to be encouraged to reduce CO2 emissions. Investment in clean and sustainable energy is a key focus to overcome the challenges posed by climate change. Mitigation and adaptation efforts are important to maintain the continuity of life on earth. Diversification of food sources, sustainable management of water resources, and the application of green technology in industry are steps that need to be implemented. The public is also invited to increase awareness of the impacts of climate change and ways to contribute to reducing it. Overall, global climate change is capable of having a broad and profound impact on the survival of life. The importance of collaboration between government, society and the private sector is key in formulating effective strategies to face this challenge. Strengthening environmental policies, as well as the application of innovative and sustainable technology, can be a solution to keep the earth and life on it sustainable.
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