Diplomatic relations serve as the backbone of communication, negotiation and cooperation between sovereign nations. These essential practices help states carry out their foreign policy, protect their citizens abroad and promote global peace and prosperity. They can also pose a variety of challenges and create unique opportunities.
The practice of diplomatic relations is rooted in ancient civilizations. City-states sent heralds and envoys to communicate and negotiate with other nations, establishing the practice of diplomacy and diplomatic relations. The Romans built upon these ancient practices, establishing formalized systems of diplomatic missions and granting envoys special protections and privileges to enable them to perform their duties in hostile territories.
Diplomats negotiate to resolve conflicts between and among nations, regional organizations and international bodies. The goal of negotiations is often to reach a mutually acceptable agreement – commonly known as a treaty. The result is a written document that defines the actions and responsibilities of the parties in the dispute. Negotiation techniques include shuttle diplomacy (travel between conflicting sides to unblock stalled negotiations) and track-one-and-a-half diplomacy (blending official and semi-official engagement).
Achieving global sustainability goals requires more than technical solutions, it demands a shift in worldviews and power structures – something that diplomacy can reflect and facilitate. Diplomacy, at its best, transcends formal protocol through personal connections between diplomats and their counterparts. Informal conversations over coffee, invitations to family celebrations and mutual support during milestone events can dismantle barriers and foster understanding, even during moments of heightened tension. However, close relationships can present a risk if a diplomat is not careful to maintain an appropriate balance between advocacy and accommodation, and between their home- and host-governments’ interests.
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